Ways of the cadmium accumulation monitoring in sunflower and other crops : overview

Abstract

Steady trend of the last salt is an increase in the total concentration of dangerous elements and their compounds in agricultural soils. The consequence of this process is the growth of requirements for crop quality and the intensification of research aimed at forming a theoretical basis and finding practical ways to solve this problem. With the development of industry, Cd pollution becomes more and more serious, which poses a serious threat to agricultural production and human health. Cadmium (Cd) is an important pollutant in farmland soil. Breeding of low Cd accumula tion crops can reduce the risk of heavy metal removing into the human food chains and can solve the problem of food safety production in contaminated soil. Therefore, studies on Cd absorption and accumulation in crops have attracted the attention of researchers all over the world. The possibility of solving this problem (to create vatieties with low Cd accumulation) by selection methods in particular, sunflower, rice, wheat, soybean and maize, is considered in the article. From the other hand, the ability of individual crops and varieties to accumulate of high concentrations of harmful elements in the future can be realized as a separate selection and technological direction for the remediation of agricultural land. This paper reviews and summarizes the physiological characteristics of uptake, transport and antioxidant response of crops to Cd stress. The differences between them indicate that different crop varieties adopt different adaptation strategies to Cd stress. The characteristics of Cd accumulation in several crops such as sunflower are expounded. Methods to reduce Cd uptake in crops and breeding strategies for low Cd are put forward. Finally, the problems and prospects of low Cd breeding are put forward. In order to further promote the breeding of Cd low accumulation crops, the breeding utilization should be strengthened in the future, too. It will provide important theoretical guidance and ideas for reducing Cd uptake in crops and low Cd breeding in the future. The relevance of the problem of the cadmium controlling migration along the food chain determines the need of experimental studies, primarily in countries with the dominance of sunflower in the сrops area structure.