The theory and method principle of logistics management in agricultural enterprises

Abstract

This dissertation proved that the modern management of agricultural logistics is a scientific management of logistics activities in agricultural process before, during and after the production of agricultural products in order to achieve the level of service and satisfaction of users with the lowest costs for agricultural logistics. Modern agricultural logistics tends to develop specialization, standardization, advanced technology, brand, intensification, coordination, and is environmentally oriented. The modern agricultural logistics industry is a complex industry formed by the industrialization of agricultural logistics resources, with the characteristics of diversified, basic, service and integration one. It was determined that each agent has its own specific subject identity, as well as thinking and a way of building the logical basis of the subject. Due to the interdisciplinary and complex characteristics of modern agricultural logistics, its research ideas and methods should embody the characteristics of universality and uniqueness. Based on theoretical developments and practical recommendations on the application of new logistics methods and experience in the development of international agricultural logistics, an analysis of the evolution and development of Chinese agricultural logistics, the current situation in the country, and factors influencing its development was carried out. The development of the current state of agricultural logistics was analyzed in accordance with the concept of supply and demand, the construction of a modern agricultural logistics system, and the innovative component. It was determined that at present the main types of agricultural logistics in China are self-supporting logistics mode, agricultural intermediary organization leading mode and third party agricultural logistics mode. However, most enterprises that use self-supporting logistics mode have a low level of resource utilization, weak information flow, high logistics costs and low efficiency of agricultural logistics. Most intermediary organizations are lagging behind, their legal status is unclear, and they cannot undertake the organization and management of agricultural logistics activities. Based on theoretical studies, it was concluded that “green” logistics can be a promising branch of logistics. Research shows that modern agricultural logistics is to meet customer demand through the use of information technology, the use of modern means of logistics, agricultural production facilities and the content of agricultural products, as well as related services, organization, control and management of all logistics activities. Most of the intermediary organizations are lagging behind, their legal status is not clear, and they cannot undertake the organization and management activities of agricultural logistics. The number of third-party agricultural logistics enterprises is small, the scale is small, the management level is low, the information system and network construction is backward, can only provide simple services, the lack of value-added services, almost do not have the ability to coordinate, organize and manage agricultural logistics. At the same time, the current mode of logistics management is multi-stage, decentralized. Under the current development mode of agricultural logistics, the relationship between economic development and agricultural logistics, consumption life and agricultural logistics is one-way, which has caused serious damage to the ecological environment. Studies show that the current situation of agricultural logistics development indicates the relationship between economic development and agricultural logistics. Under the current development mode of agricultural logistics, the relationship between economic development and agricultural logistics, consumption life and agricultural logistics is one-way, which has caused serious damage to the ecological environment. The dissertation summarizes the best practices of developed countries and regions in order to substantiate proposals for creating an agricultural logistics model for China. In accordance with the composition of the basic model of agricultural products competitiveness, taking into account logistics, a system of indicators for assessment of the competitiveness of logistics enterprises of agricultural products was built, which is based on the principles of scientificity, systematicity, expediency and combination of quantitative and qualitative. According to the components of the core competitiveness of agricultural logistics companies, it is emphasized that the core competitiveness of an agricultural logistics company should be evaluated from service division, innovation, marketing activities, managerial and cultural components. The work developed a set of five primary indices and 22 secondary indicators of the evaluation system. In the course of the study, the methodology for assessing the country's innovative potential was improved by regrouping the innovation-related GCI sub-index and introduction of additional indicators of risk-taking (RTC) and use of disruptive ideas (DCI) by firms. This made it possible to develop a seven-parameter evaluation system to gain insight into the factors that further develop the innovative potential of certain countries. Leaders and outsiders were identified, and the standard basis of the innovative potential of these countries made it possible to group them at several levels. The innovation potential (IP) score is highly correlated with the GCI. On the other hand, it provides new ideas for further strategic design to achieve a balance between the vectors of innovation potential. Proposals are presented for further strategic design in order to achieve a balance between carriers of innovative potential, taking into account logistical approaches. The analysis of economically developed countries such as North America, Western Europe, and East Asia was carried out in terms of the current state of agricultural products logistics. The organization of logistics as means of management, logistic facilities and their technical level were investigated. A comparative analysis of logistics systems was carried out, which made it possible to outline ways to improve agricultural logistics for China. The leading country with high logistics potential (the United States) was 0.83 C. A standard basis was established to evaluate the logistic potential of major agricultural producing countries in the world in six grade systems with 0.1 c. U level. According to the logistics potential of major agricultural producing countries in the world, the ways to improve the international level of agricultural enterprises and the efficiency of business process were found out. The main manifestations are: the change of production vector, the reversal of investment, the integration and BPM of agricultural producers, and the formation of special economic zones. In terms of further research, theoretical and methodological work needs to be influenced by external (macroeconomic, geopolitical, external cooperation) and internal economic factors (national development, investment, innovation, Labour resources) in the logistics management of agricultural producing countries. Finally, the direction and path of China's agricultural products circulation system optimization were elaborated, pointing out that the optimization of China's agricultural products circulation system should comply with the principle of voluntariness, interest coordination and systematicness, the optimization goal is to improve the operation efficiency of China's agricultural products circulation system, increase farmers' income, ensure food safety of residents, Implementation mechanism is the price of agricultural products circulation system optimization mechanism, competition mechanism, information mechanism and management mechanism, the mechanism from both inside and outside two aspects of function, improving the efficiency of the agricultural product circulation system in our country, the specific path of optimization is to develop the agricultural professional cooperatives, vigorously develop cold chain logistics, third party logistics mode and the promotion of farmers and circulation. It is proven that the level of modernization of the agricultural logistics system largely depends on the macro- and micro- policy of the government, since agriculture is a basic industry and the governments of many countries attach great importance to the role of policy and regulation in the production and circulation of agricultural products. Such influence is manifested through policy elements and the development of special laws and regulations to regulate the circulation of agricultural products, ensure smooth, flexible and efficient effective functioning, and increase the efficiency of agricultural trade. Currently, China regulates the circulation of agricultural products, but needs support and adoption of relevant legislation. At the same time, there are certain shortcomings, such as: imperfect subject legal regulatory framework; inadequate protection of intellectual property in agriculture; chaotic planning and a certain degree of inconsistency in the market for the circulation of agricultural products. Therefore, in our opinion, it is urgent to introduce legislative changes, integrate existing laws and regulations, and create a favorable environment for the development of China's agricultural logistics industry. The main elements of construction and optimization of agricultural logistics system were analyzed. Through the capital operation, the mode of joint operation, stock participation, holding and reorganization is adopted to realize the merger of enterprises, give full play to the integration advantages, and improve the core competitiveness and anti-risk ability of enterprises. By means of a comparative analysis of the logistics management of agricultural production enterprises of the world, positive and negative factors affecting the development of production were identified, and the logistics potential of the main agricultural countries of the world was assessed. Ways to optimize the logistics system of China's agricultural products were developed, as well as the principles were specified that should be adhered to by the optimization of the logistics system of China's agricultural products to increase its efficiency, and specific ways to optimize the logistics circulation were outlined. Auxiliary elements of building an optimized logistics system for agricultural products were analyzed. In terms of organizational elements, the development and expansion of grain logistics organizations should first deepen the reform of the former state-owned grain enterprises, take the core enterprises as the center, establish grain enterprise groups, and make the enterprises bigger and stronger. Because the competition between enterprises is ultimately manifested as cost competition, and the significance of scale economy is to reduce costs and improve labor productivity through scale production. Without a certain scale, enterprises are difficult to withstand the impact of market wind and waves. Secondly, through capital operation, adopt the mode of joint management, equity participation, holding and restructuring, achieve combination of enterprise, has the strong market development ability, processing ability, the ability to store safeguards and industry linkage ability for purchase and sale of food enterprise group company, through the enterprise group company of food enterprise assets and resources integration, unified planning and coordination of the enterprise, Add the purchase, sales, food, and stock management chain link together again, giving full play to the advantages of integral, organized to carry out the grain circulation, formed on the basis of high quality food production base, which is based on farmers, to enterprises, in the grain and oil processing group operation mode, improve enterprise core competitiveness and risk resistance. Farmers are the main body of agricultural and sideline product logistics, and the reality proves that farmers' market transaction costs are high. Domestic and international practice has proved that it is difficult to realize the connection between the scattered farmers and the large market and circulation at home and abroad, and the reasonable interests of farmers are difficult to be guaranteed. Therefore, it is necessary to set up peasant cooperative economic organizations on the basis of farmers' willingness, organize scattered and small-scale peasant households, improve the exchange conditions of agricultural products, form agglomeration economy of scale and obtain economic benefits of scale. At present, the organizational form of "company and peasant household" is widely adopted in China. Practice has also proved that in the case of opportunistic behavior on both sides, the pattern of "company and farmer" is difficult to achieve a win-win outcome. To improve the level of farmers organization, this paper puts forward the following measures: 1. to develop the farmer cooperative marketing organization, organize farmers to enter the market, to solve a production and business operation activities of the information asymmetry, to enter the market, the risk is big, product distribution links, the cost is high, resulting in increasing the income of farmers increase no problem; 2. There are mainly two modes to cultivate and develop agricultural products logistics intermediary organizations representing farmers' interests :(1) company + agricultural cooperative + peasant household model; (2) "company + association + peasant household" organizational model. The government plays a very important role in the development and expansion of the logistics industry. The main role of the government is to take policy measures to guide and promote the development of domestic logistics and strengthen the macro-guidance and regulation of logistics development. Our government should strengthen the following functions in the development of agricultural products logistics industry: first, do a good job in the unified planning of agricultural products circulation facilities to prevent repeated construction; second, encourage multi-channel social funds to invest in the construction of the circulation system of agricultural products; third, continue to implement the policy of bank loans and fiscal interest discount; fourth, increase the government's direct investment and support; fifth, expand the opening of circulation facilities to the outside world; sixth, rectify the wholesale market transport link charges.