Mechanisms of regulation of world agricultural markets in the context of globalization

Abstract

Trade in agricultural products is an important part of international trade in world goods. Due to the special basic status of agriculture in various countries, all countries in the world attach great importance to the international trade of agricultural products. In recent years, the international trade of agricultural products is in a period of comprehensive changes. This change has changed the status and role of international trade in agricultural products, and also changed the trade pattern of agricultural products. Agricultural products are commodities, and there is no unified definition standard for the scope of agricultural products in the world at present. But in general, the agricultural products counted by the International Trade Organization mainly include: crops (grain and cash crops), aquatic products, livestock products, etc. Agriculture is not only a necessity for human survival, but also a source of industrial resources. The development of industry is closely related to the development of agriculture. In addition, it also involves many issues such as food security, environmental protection, promoting employment, and maintaining social stability. Agricultural trade also plays an important role in international trade. First, it can adjust the relationship between supply and demand in the markets of various countries. Through international trade, different countries can adjust the relationship between supply and demand in their markets. Secondly, developing international trade in agricultural products is conducive to reducing hunger and poverty and increasing employment. This function plays a particularly important role in developing countries, especially those with extremely widespread hunger. In developing countries, agriculture provides more than half of employment opportunities. Finally, it can improve the welfare level of consumers and promote the development of agricultural technology. The development of international trade in agricultural products can provide consumers with the opportunity to buy better and cheaper agricultural products, so as to purchase high-quality and cheap agricultural products and improve their welfare. It can stimulate the international flow of agricultural technology and capital, improve the level of agricultural productivity in each country, and gradually coordinate and improve the internal structure of agricultural products in each country. Under the current market economy and in the face of globalization, the international trade of agricultural products will give play to the comparative advantages of various countries and realize the optimal allocation of resources worldwide. However, the agricultural production and economic development of all countries must also cope with the impact of fierce market competition, price fluctuations and related industry adjustments. In the context of the rapid development of economic globalization, this paper analyzes the market situation of global agricultural trade. The main objectives are as follows: first, to comprehensively and systematically understand the scale and structural characteristics of the development of international trade in agricultural products in all continents and major agricultural products trading countries, analyze the import and export trade volume of each agricultural product market and the main types of agricultural products traded, and analyze the factors affecting agricultural trade and the future development trend; Second, from the perspective of agricultural product types, study the trading situation of specific agricultural products in the world agricultural product market, and analyze the impact and contribution of natural resources endowment, industrial structure and other factors on the trade of various agricultural products; The third is to calculate the competitiveness and complementarity between agricultural product markets with close trade exchanges, analyze the trade relationship and trade structure between different agricultural product markets, and put forward policy recommendations for the development of good interaction of agricultural product markets in the future. In order to achieve the research objectives, according to the research ideas, this article includes three parts of the research content. The content of the first part is mainly about the development of international trade in agricultural products and the theory of its impact; according to the relevant international trade theories such as H-O theory (factor endowment theory) and intra-industry trade theory, the theoretical analysis framework for the development of international trade in agricultural products is constructed; according to the theory of agricultural development , to study the theoretical framework of the impact of international trade in agricultural products on agricultural development; according to the theory of economic development, to study the theoretical analysis framework of the impact of international trade of agricultural products on economic short-term and long-term growth; to review the literature on the research on international trade of agricultural products, and summarize the current status of relevant research. The second part is the calculation and analysis of the import and export trade pattern of agricultural products on all continents and major agricultural countries and regions, including the research on the development process of agricultural product trade in specific countries or regions, the flow of trade flows, natural resource endowments, product structure, etc. The third part is to study the pattern of agricultural product markets according to specific types of agricultural products, use mathematical models to calculate the competitiveness and complementarity of trade exchanges between different agricultural product markets, and find out the advantages and disadvantages of different agricultural product markets in the import and export of agricultural products. Promoting the development of agricultural product market trade and putting forward ideas. As a part of international trade in world goods, agricultural trade is linked with the production and consumption of agricultural products. This paper takes agricultural products as the research object, which refers to agricultural products as consumer goods, namely agricultural products trade for direct consumption. Trade in agricultural products is of great significance to meet the people's living and consumption needs, promote the development of agricultural production and promote economic development. According to the specific classification of agricultural products, using the agricultural product trade data in FAO database and the agricultural product trade data in the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database in different regions, it is found that different types of agricultural products have different production and sales markets, and the production of agricultural products is greatly affected by natural geographical conditions, and different natural resource endowments produce different agricultural products. Agricultural product markets in different regions also have different demands for different types of agricultural products. The trade of agricultural products is most affected by the natural conditions of countries (regions). At the same time, with the continuous development of agricultural products technology, it will have an important impact on the export barriers, trade structure and flow of agricultural products trade to a certain extent. Therefore, all countries in the world should fully combine the natural resources endowment, actively carry out agricultural science and technology research, improve the level of agricultural production technology, and create good conditions for the development of domestic agricultural trade.