Management of innovative development system of China citizenship higher education

Abstract

Higher education in China has always had priority among the areas of state support. Since the opening-up reform, the Chinese government has invested a lot of resources in higher education and introduced a series of policy measures, such as Project 211, Project 985, and the Overseas Talent Development Implementation Program, to improve the quality of education in higher education institutions, strengthen the foundation scientific research and promote international cooperation. These measures have produced remarkable results, as the level of higher education in China has greatly increased, and many Chinese universities have gained international prominence. The innovations and development of China's higher education management system mainly include the following aspects: building a modern higher education system - the Chinese government has gradually created a modern higher education system with unique Chinese characteristics by improving the regulatory and legal framework, strengthening the vertical management, developing the globalization of education through the introduction international standards and other measures; promoting the popularization of higher education among the population - through the system of training subsidies and expanding opportunities for access to higher education; improving the quality of education - through the implementation of international standards of integrity and improvement of innovative abilities of students; strengthening international cooperation and academic exchanges: China actively carries out exchanges and cooperation in the field of higher education with other countries, absorbs advanced international experience and ideas, and promotes the integration of Chinese higher education into the world educational and scientific society. The conducted methodological analysis of the investigated problem in the context of the implementation of innovative technologies in the modern educational space of China made it possible to find out that the level of the contribution of higher education to economic growth in the provinces of the Silk Road Economic Belt over the past 16 years (determined using the Dennison growth factor analysis method) is insignificant ( k=0.013), significantly lower than the national average (k=0.037). The main reasons are insufficient investment in higher education, the lack of high-level universities in this part of the country, and a serious brain drain. The results show that it is possible to increase the level of the contribution of higher education to economic growth in the Silk Road Economic Belt thanks to the growth of investments in higher education, the optimization of the distribution of higher education resources, the improvement of social conditions in the places of residence of students, the improvement of the quality of training and the motivation of education seekers, and the strengthening of the formation system personnel potential of higher education, improve the mechanism of attraction and retention of employees and create a favorable environment for their development. The basis of industrial transformation and modernization is the breaking of the original growth model, which largely depends on technological innovation, especially on the improvement of independent innovation capabilities. The study of higher education reform in Ukraine helped to enrich the knowledge system, expand the scope of research on higher education in China, and draw the attention of scholars to the reform and development of education in developing countries. This work analyzes the main characteristics of higher education models in China and Ukraine, compares the scientific, technological and innovative activities of higher education institutions in China and Ukraine, and also puts forward the path of innovative development that combines modern science. In China, education expenditure reached more than 4% of GDP from 2012 to 2023, but the dispersion of GDP per student in China shows a decreasing trend year by year. Higher education must meet the trends of the world economy, change the concept of education, carry out ideological and political education, strive to cultivate innovative talents, promote the integration of industry, university, and research, vigorously improve the quality of teachers, and accelerate the reform of higher education in all aspects. Currently, the Chinese Government's strategic program "Digitalization of Education" is being promoted in depth as a key to the implementation of the work of the Ministry of Education, and it has achieved significant results in the construction of new infrastructure, learning innovation and management system reform. However, on the one hand, due to the wide geography of the country, the direction of educational reform faces the difficulties of unbalanced regional development with different characteristics, so it is very important to fully study the experience of digital education reform in the world in order to find a fulcrum of policy and improve the technological path. On the other hand, with the continuous advancement of global integration, the issue of education can no longer become a problem that can be solved by the region on its own, and the optimization of education issues is also a cultural base to influence the values of the future world of the citizens of the People's Republic of China, promote the coordinated management of global society, and support the world peace and security, stability and development and other important international issues. In 2023, the goal of the Chinese government was to further increase the international competitiveness and level of university education. At the same time, competition will increase and universities will have to be more transparent and open to attract more of the best teachers and the most motivated students. The relevance of the chosen research topic is determined by the methodological and conceptual principles of open civic education of the People's Republic of China and is determined by the strategic directions of state policy in the field of education, which have become priorities, namely: the formation of a safe educational environment, environmentalization of education; development of scientific and innovative activities in education, improvement of the quality of education on an innovative basis; informatization of education; ensuring national monitoring of the education system; increasing the social status of teaching staff; creation of a modern material and technical base of the higher education system. Thus, the phenomenon, current state, possibilities and problems of using augmented and virtual reality tools in the educational process were studied by Wu H.K., Hsin-Kai Wu, Silvia Wen-Yu Lee, Hsin-Yi Changc, Jyh-Chong Liang. S.Yuen, G.Yaoyuneyong, E. Johnson conducted scientific reviews on the development of virtual and augmented reality. An aspect of student learning using AR is explored in the works of Lee K. Communicative aspects of using virtual and augmented reality tools were investigated by the authors Yun Zhu, Hui Ye, Shukun Tang. Currently, scientists S. Giasiranis and L. Sofos are raising questions about the quality assessment of educational material with augmented reality. Martin-Gutierrez J., Guinters E., Perez-Lopez D. note that augmented reality can be used for student collaboration. This becomes especially relevant in the process of performing laboratory and practical work during distance learning in COVID-19, which ensures wide access of higher education seekers to training courses. With the help of CiteSpace, in order to visualize the map of theoretical studies, an analysis of the level of innovative development of higher education in China was carried out. The results showed that the number of articles published on education research in China increased from 2003 to 2023. Against the background of the revival of the economy of rural regions, education has become a key factor. In the course of the study, it was determined that any innovative teaching technology (including virtual) involves the art of mastering the process, a certain sequence of operations using the necessary means (materials, tools and an algorithm of actions), i.e. in a procedural sense, the technology must provide an answer to the question : "How to achieve the result of activity (using what and what means)?". At the same time, the concept of technology reflects the focus of scientific or practical research on purposeful improvement of human activity, increasing its effectiveness, instrumentality, and technicality. Thus, innovative educational technologies characterize the general strategy of the development of education as a whole and the educational environment in particular. The main purpose of educational technologies is to forecast the development of educational systems, their design, planning and determination of factors that meet educational goals. A virtual learning community created through a variety of online platforms has advantages beyond the reach of conventional learning activities. Teaching activity in a regular classroom is limited by time, place and personnel, and the content of education is clearly regulated. Learning based on the virtual platform breaks the limitations of time and place, makes full use of a variety of online resources and effectively enriches the learning content in the classroom, and provides a flexible and convenient learning space for students to make full use of their learning opportunities. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the development of a comprehensive system for ensuring the innovative development of Chinese civic education institutions through the continuous use of VR systems and applications in the educational process, for the accumulation of effective functioning and harmonious development of several main subsystems of the organization of higher education (state regulation, knowledge generation, innovative infrastructure, technology transfer), which determine the effectiveness of China's national innovation system of higher education, the main purpose of which is the formation of a competitive, highly qualified specialist with professional and life skills that meet the needs of the modern development of the national economy. The important tasks of the development of this subsystem should be: first, ensuring the innovative focus of the education system on the basis of large-scale computerization and activation of scientific, technical and innovative activities of higher educational institutions, creation of innovative structures in their system; reforming the education system taking into account the requirements of European standards and preserving cultural and intellectual national traditions. Secondly, increasing the effectiveness of the scientific research and development sector at the level of universities and colleges in order to strengthen its role in ensuring the innovative development of the national economy. Modern high technologies depend on the level of scientific research, efficiency and effectiveness of their introduction into production. Of course, the quality of scientific and technological developments depends on the qualifications of scientists and engineers, and they, in turn, are the total effect of the civic education system, especially higher education. Thirdly, ensuring the expanded reproduction of knowledge based on the integration of higher education institutions, scientific and research institutes by increasing the level of innovative activity of the public sector of scientific research and development; concentration of resources on priority areas of development of science, technology and innovative activity; stimulating lifelong learning, fostering a culture of innovative thinking.For a long time, the traditional method of education was based on the authority of teachers, and students formed the habit of excessively relying on teachers, which affects the development of their independent ability to learn. The results showed that the overall score of independent learning ability and the score of each parameter of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group after the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). It has been stated that the application of virtual reality technology in basic teaching for medical college students can improve the self-learning ability of future nurses. At the same time, the teacher allocates 20-30 minutes for students to independently study the content of autonomous learning in virtual software. In this case, the teacher acquires the function of a mentor who prompts, prompts and directs students to study, finds and solves problems, shares experience in a timely manner, and also improves their ability to self-improvement. The study also aimed to examine the application effects and perspectives of immersive VR learning in basic nursing training. Using the convenience sampling method, 120 students of a four-year full-time nursing course in the third semester of 2021/2022 were selected at one of the universities in China. There were 60 people in two groups, the control group received traditional teaching and experimental materials, and the experimental group underwent a virtual classroom and group discussion. The scores of the classroom test, theory test, and skill test in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). It appears that virtual reality immersion learning in teaching basic nursing skills can fully mobilize students' enthusiasm, greatly improve students' practical ability, autonomous learning ability and teaching effect, help students master clinical knowledge, and has good application prospects. At the same time, with the rapid development of information technology and the mobile Internet, more and more industries and the mobile Internet have begun to integrate, which has forced these industries to break through the bottleneck and find new opportunities for development. The same is true for the education industry, and the integration of the mobile internet and the education industry has contributed to the overall growth of the online education industry.