Analysis of the damage to the environment of the lithium-ion battery as a common type of battery for modern electric vehicles

Abstract

As far back as the 1970s of the 20th century, there were attempts to invent rechargeable lithium electric batteries, but they were unsuccessful due to the violent reactions of lithium with water, which made it impossible to provide the required level of safety for the relatively safe operation of this type of battery. The first lithium-ion battery was first introduced to the market in 1991. Lithium is a very active chemical element, due to which a violent reaction with water can cause a fire. Research has found that during the charge and discharge cycle of batteries with metal lithium electrodes, a short circuit can occur inside the battery and the temperature inside the battery can reach the melting temperature of lithium. A strong chemical reaction between the lithium and the electrolyte causes an explosion. Due to the excessive activity of lithium and the danger of its use, the creation of protection systems built into the battery began, thanks to which commercial lithium-ion batteries have the most advanced protection compared to other types of batteries. For this reason, it is lithium-ion batteries that have become widely implemented and used in the modern world. A modern person often uses a lithium-ion type of battery (hereinafter referred to as the battery) on a daily basis, because the lithium-ion battery is a source of power supply in portable electronics (tablets, smartphones, laptops, digital watches, cameras), is used in backup power systems, solar batteries, wind installations [1]. Also, lithium-ion batteries are used by aerial drones [3], in electronic cigarettes, in wireless tools such as a hammer drill, etc., as well as in electric vehicles. Since we are engaged in the study of lithium-ion batteries in the context of transport, we will dwell on the last point we mentioned in detail.