Improving the technology of waxes obtaining from oil and fat waste

Abstract

The object of the research is the extraction of waxes from the waste of the oil and fat industry – spent perlite. As a result of oil winterization, a significant amount of spent filter pow¬ders is formed, the disposal of which poses a danger to the environment. At the same time, winterization waste contains a significant amount of oil and wax, which are important com¬ponents of many types of products. Oil and wax extraction involves the use of volatile, fire-hazardous solvents. An urgent task is to develop new safe and effective technologies for obtaining oils and waxes from winterization waste. The technology of extracting waxes from spent perlite, obtained as a result of winterization of sunflower oil, which involves treatment of per¬lite with sodium chloride solution, was investigated. Perlite was used according to SOU 15.4-37-210:2004 (CAS Number 93763-70-3) with indicators: mass fraction of fat – 20.1 %, peroxide value – 19.5 ½ O mmol/kg, acid value – 3.5 mg KOH/g. The tempera¬ture of mass settling after treatment with sodium chloride is 20 °C, the duration – 10 hours. The following rational conditions for perlite processing using sodium chloride were determined: the con¬centration of dry sodium chloride (by weight of perlite) – 35.0 %, the duration of mass boiling – 30 min¬utes. Under these conditions, the experimental value of the saponifi¬cation value of the obtained wax was 120.5 mg KOH/g. Wax quality indica¬tors: melting point 71.5 °C, acid value 1.6 mg KOH/g, mass fraction of mois¬ture 0.63 %. The obtained results make it possi¬ble to obtain high-quality waxes from the waste of the oil and fat industry using a safe and affordable substance (sodium chloride). This will make it possible to avoid the need for waste disposal and increase the profitability of oil and fat enterprises due to obtain¬ing valuable products from produc¬tion waste. Conclusions and prospects for further research. 1. The dependence of the wax saponification value on the conditions of treatment of spent perlite with sodium chloride was determined in the form of the second-degree regression equation. The concentration of dry sodium chlo¬ride has a greater effect on the response function than the duration of boiling. With an increase in boiling duration from 10 to 90 min., the saponification value of waxes de¬creases by (21–22) mg KOH/g. When the concentration of dry sodium chloride increases (with a boiling time of 50 min) from 5 to 20 %, the saponification value decreases by only 10 mg KOH/g, and from 20 to 35 % – by 40 mg KOH/g. Rational conditions for perlite processing were determined: concentration of dry sodium chloride (to the perlite mass) – 35.0 %, duration of boiling – 30 min. Under these conditions, the experimental value of the wax saponification value was 120.5 mg KOH/g. 2. The physicochemical indicators of wax obtained under rational conditions were studied: melting point 71.5 °C, acid value 1.6 mg KOH/g, mass fraction of moisture 0.63 %. The obtained data show that the quality indicators of wax corre-spond to the standard indicators of sunflower wax.