Artificial intelligence in agriculture : market formation, economic impact, and global development trends

Abstract

The article examines the current state and development trends of the artificial intelligence market in the agricultural sector under conditions of rapid digital transformation of the global economy. It is substantiated that artificial intelligence is becoming one of the key drivers of technological modernization in agriculture, contributing to higher productivity, lower production costs, improved management quality, and more efficient use of natural, labor, and financial resources. The study systematizes the main artificial intelligence technologies used in agriculture, including machine learning, computer vision, big data analytics, robotics, and intelligent decision-support systems, and identifies their economic significance for agricultural production. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the AI market in agriculture through the interaction of demand, supply, investment activity, technological progress, and public policy. The paper analyzes the economic effects of AI implementation, including yield growth, cost optimization, labor productivity improvement, and profitability increase, as well as the major barriers to market expansion, such as high capital intensity, limited access to digital infrastructure, lack of qualified personnel, data representativeness issues, cybersecurity risks, and dependence on technology providers. The global dynamics and regional features of the AI market in agriculture are also considered. It is concluded that artificial intelligence should be viewed not only as an innovative technological tool, but also as a strategic economic resource that shapes new market segments, transforms the agricultural production model, and strengthens the competitiveness and sustainability of the agricultural sector.