Organizational and Economic Basis of Tourism Management

Abstract

The tourism industry (tourism) occupies a prominent place in the economy of many countries. A person's desire to learn about new geographical objects, where historical monuments, architectural structures, recreational areas and much more are located, forces them to overcome signifcant distances and invest fnancial resources. Often, tourism turned out to be a decisive factor, the use of which made it possible to improve the entire domestic economy in diferent countries. In many countries, tourism is involved in the creation of additional jobs and employment, the formation of gross domestic product, and the activation of the foreign trade balance. Tourism is one of the most proftable businesses in the world and has an impact on such critical sectors of the economy as construction, production of consumer goods, transport and communications, and agriculture. According to the World Tourism Organization, tourism uses approximately 7% of the world's capital, and one in 16 jobs is associated with it. Tourism provides 5% of all tax revenues and accounts for 11% of global consumer spending. These data characterize the economic efect of the tourism industry, and this is one of the phenomena of the XXI century - developed tourism. The dissertation examines the process of formation and development of the organizational and economic foundations of tourism management. It has been found that despite the challenges of recent years, such as the pandemic and military actions, globalization and the development of transport make people more willing to export tourism services. Studies have shown that in the pre-pandemic period, the number of tourists to China and Ukraine increased annually. In both countries, tourism, as a type of business activity, brought a lot of income and contributed to the economic development of both Сторінка 1 з 14 countries. In addition, tourism has been an important source of foreign currency for China and Ukraine in their modernization. Therefore, tourism is an important industry both for China and for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. It was determined that at the current stage of development, tourism in China is developing at a very fast pace. With the deepening of reforms and opening, more and more foreign tourists are coming to China to travel. In 2019, the total contribution of tourism to China's GDP was $979.153 billion, accounting for 10.5 percent of total GDP. In addition, China's GDP growth from nature tourism increased by 10.1 percent in 2019 compared to 2004. In addition, for Ukraine in the pre-war period, tourism was the main proftable industry, which for many years held the frst positions in terms of foreign exchange earnings. In 2019, the total contribution of tourism to the GDP of Ukraine amounted to 347.7 billion dollars, which is 20.2 percent of the total GDP. In 2019, the total contribution of tourism to the GDP of Ukraine increased by 1.1 percent compared to 2013. In addition, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Tourism Competitiveness Report, China ranked 45th in 2013 and rose to 16th in 2019, indicating that China's tourism industry is developing rapidly and becoming more competitive. Due to the impact of the pandemic, income from tourism has fallen signifcantly. At the end of 2021, the total number and income of tourists in China's domestic tourism market recovered slightly from 2020, but still maintained a large gap with the level of 2019. China's domestic tourism revenue (total tourism consumption) was 2.92 trillion yuan in According to statistics from the Domestic Tourism Sample Survey released by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the fgure increased by 0.69 trillion yuan or 31.0% in 2021. annualized (recovery to 51.0% in 2019). Of this fgure, urban tourism consumption reached 2.36 trillion yuan, an increase of 31.6 percent; Rural tourism consumption was 0.55 trillion yuan, an increase of 28.4 percent. The characteristics of the development of China's tourism industry under the epidemic are as follows: peripheral tourism continues to be hot, urban tourism and rural tourism have become one of the hot spots of tourism, night cultural tourism has become a new growth point, and online tourism is integrating. The publication analyzes the prospects for the development of the tourism sector of Ukraine for the near post-war future. Obviously, the development of the industry directly depends on how quickly Ukraine wins the war with Russia. Foreign tourists are expected to show interest in visiting Ukraine to visit cities that have survived despite constant shelling and missile attacks. Secondly, many Ukrainians who are currently unable to have a good rest or consider it inexpedient will want to recover and reboot with their families. Thus, both domestic and foreign tourism will develop at the same time. If the war drags on, Ukrainian operators will enter the European market even more, opening their branches in the south of Ukraine, so that tourists can quickly fy on vacation immediately from Chisinau, Warsaw or Rzeszów. We compared the tourism industry of China and Ukraine, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the tourism industry of the two countries, as well as combined our own practical experience to study the experience of the development of other countries, as well as proposed and used more appropriate countermeasures and proposals for the development of tourism. Сторінка 2 з 14 The frst section of the dissertation mainly deals with the theoretical and methodological foundations of tourism management. The conceptual and categorical apparatus related to the subject of research is analyzed. The key characteristics of the sphere of application of the tourism industry are defned. In the process of in-depth analysis, methodical approaches and indicators for evaluating the efectiveness of tourism activities are substantiated. To illustrate the method of evaluation and distribution of results, the example of 31 provinces in China is given. A large amount of data is considered to compare the best practices of diferent countries, especially with a developed tourism industry. The second section systematically outlines the state of development of tourism management. The examples demonstrate the peculiarities of the development of tourism management in China and the pre-war state of tourism in Ukraine. The competitive strength of tourism development between China and Ukraine is compared. The frst section of this chapter analyzes the features of the development of the organizational and economic foundations of tourism management in China. The second section of this chapter examines the current state of Ukrainian tourism and compares the development of China and Ukraine with the theory of competitiveness. The third section of this chapter accordingly indicates the features of the development of tourism management in the future, including the current ecological environment, social environment, economic environment, technical environment, etc. The third section proposes the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the tourism industry, the organizational and innovative way and the economic basis. Planning and management of ecological tourism allows to fully take into account the theory of regional economic development, the theoretical method of environmental economy, as well as the regional integrated method of geography research, to carry out "intra-industry control and nonsectoral development", as well as to coordinate the solution of the contradiction between economic efciency and environmental safety of ecotourism destinations. We have comprehensively analyzed the management mechanism of the tourism industry based on ecommerce, including travel e-commerce and its travel e-commerce platform. In the second section of this chapter, on the basis of deepening the understanding of the structure and functions of the ecoeconomic system of a tourist destination, a systematic study of the market of tourism services based on computer technologies is built. A signifcant part of the research is devoted to trade in tourism services of one's own country in the context of global competitiveness. However, it is rarely possible to compare the international competitiveness of our country's tourism services trade with that of other countries. In particular, to compare the competitiveness of trade in tourism services between China and Ukraine. Therefore, in this work, a comparative study of the international competitiveness of trade in tourism services between China and Ukraine is carried out, as well as a diferentiation of the relevant data of the two countries is carried out to obtain the existing problems and trends in the development of trade in tourism services between China and Ukraine. The article uses indicators of international trade in services; International Market Share, International Competitive Advantage Index (TC) and Identifed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) are used to compare and investigate the Сторінка 3 з 14 competitiveness of trade in tourism services between the two countries, to comprehensively study trade in tourism services between the two countries, and to analyze the existing advantages and problems of trade in services between the two countries. In addition, the work combines quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis in order to contribute to the development of tourism in the studied countries. In the work, it is possible to follow the practical methods and policy of trade in services in the context of the implementation of the model of organizational and economic development of tourism.