Formation of potato yield with regulated nutrition level and application of growth regulators

Abstract

The monograph covers the issue of the effect of mineral nutrition of potato plants and growth regulators on productivity and product quality. The influence of soil fertility and physiologically active compounds on the intensity of growth processes in plants of the studied species was revealed, namely: - аn increase in the leaf surface area of the Nevsky potato variety is observed until 15 days after flowering, and then due to the natural aging of leaves and the development of late blight, it decreases; - рotato plants reach the maximum accumulation of dry matter on the 30th day after flowering or before harvesting, depending on weather conditions. The application of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen, causes a later intersection of the dry matter accumulation curves of tops and tubers; - due to the use of physiologically active substances in 2005, there were no plants affected by the virus on potato plantings, and in 2006 they helped to reduce the incidence of the virus on plants: - application of calculated doses of fertilizers taking into account the absorption of 2% and 3% PAR on well- and moderately cultivated soil ensures the production of 271 - 359 c/ha of tubers, and the increase in yield occurs due to a greater collection of the coarse fraction: - the accumulation of harvest by potato plants is greatly influenced by: soil fertility, the level of mineral nutrition, the phase of plant development and others. The bulk of the tuber harvest is formed during the flowering period - the 30th day after it, and during this period the daily increase can reach 14.1 c/ha: - spraying seed material and potato plants with physiologically active substances and copper sulfate ensures an increase in yield up to 85.5 c/ha, and the increase in yield occurs due to an increase in the proportion of the coarse fraction (> 80 g): - the use of a low-frequency electromagnetic field, furolan for processing planting material and spraying plants improves the yield properties of seed tubers. The productivity of potato plants increases by 12.2 - 35.2% compared to the control (2006): - physiologically active substances and copper sulfate, used for processing seed material and during the growing season of plants, have an aftereffect when tubers are infected by an incompatible race of late blight fungus on the biosynthesis of rishitin. The tubers where simarp was used had the greatest activity in the formation of rishitin 48 hours after infection and its content exceeded the control variant by 434.2%, and after 72 hours the tubers obtained from plants sprayed with krezacin: - calculated doses of fertilizers ensure an increase in the coefficient of PAR use on medium and well-cultivated soil from 1.41 to 1.65%. The higher the accumulated phytomass, the higher is the solar energy utilization rate. - wet and cool weather during harvest formation helps to reduce the nitrate content, while dry and warm weather increases their content. The use of krezacin and furolan in warm and less humid growing seasons reduced the nitrate content by almost 2 times. the starch content is influenced by weather conditions. Hot and dry weather increases its content. The use of furolan before planting provided an increase in the starch content by 1.5% in 2005, and krezacin in 2007 by 0.9%. Physiologically active substances increase starch collection, but this increase occurs largely at the expense of tuber yield.