Abstract:
У кваліфікаційній роботі розглянуто питання удосконалення технологічного процесу вирощування ярої пшениці шляхом впровадження модернізованого культиватора-щілиноріза в умовах фермерського господарства. Запропоновано конструктивне удосконалення комбінованого культиватора шляхом оснащення його щілинорізами з оригінальною формою робочої поверхні. Проведено інженерні розрахунки, обґрунтовано геометричні параметри робочих органів та наведено схеми конструкції.
Description:
The bachelor’s qualification thesis is dedicated to improving the cultivation
process of spring wheat by implementing a modernized chisel-type cultivator under the
conditions of a private farming enterprise. The objective of the study is to increase the
efficiency of primary tillage, reduce resource consumption, and improve the agro-ecological state of soils by introducing innovative technical solutions The introduction justifies the urgency of preserving natural soil fertility, the
necessity of reducing the impact of wind and water erosion, and the relevance of
applying no-till and minimal tillage technologies.
The first section analyzes the operational activities of a selected farming
enterprise, evaluating its resource base, level of mechanization, and the current state of
soil-tillage equipment.
The second section outlines the technological process of spring wheat cultivation
with a focus on primary soil tillage. Calculations of labor, energy, and fuel costs for
different tillage equipment combinations are presented.
The third section presents the proposed modernization of a combined cultivator
through the addition of chisel-type working elements with an original working surface
profile. Engineering calculations were carried out to determine optimal design
parameters. Technical drawings and structural schemes were developed. It was found
that using the improved implement reduces fuel consumption by 1.44 centners per 100
hectares, decreases labor input by 101.3 man-hours, and increases labor productivity
by 10.5 hectares per shift.
The fourth and fifth chapters are dedicated to occupational safety and economic
feasibility.
General conclusions highlight that the improvement of cultivator design and its
implementation significantly contributes to enhanced tillage quality, reduced
production costs, and improved environmental sustainability in agricultural
production.
The thesis is accompanied by a set of graphic materials: a technological chart of
spring wheat cultivation, an operational chart for no-till tillage, a general view drawing
of the cultivator, a functional scheme, and an assembly drawing with detailed views.
