Abstract:
Кваліфікаційна робота присвячена дослідженню організації перевезення великогабаритних сільськогосподарських машин, зокрема комбайнів, та розробленню логістичної моделі їх переміщення між виробничими підрозділами й полями сільськогосподарського підприємства. Актуальність теми зумовлена зростанням масштабів механізації аграрного виробництва, необхідністю оперативного переміщення техніки під час сезонних робіт, підвищенням вимог до безпеки дорожнього руху та оптимізації витрат на транспортування. Метою роботи є вдосконалення процесу перевезення комбайнів за допомогою логістичного планування маршрутів, вибору оптимального способу переміщення та застосування сучасних цифрових інструментів координації транспорту. Для досягнення мети проведено аналіз особливостей перевезення негабаритної техніки, визначено нормативні вимоги до виконання транспортних операцій, виконано
розрахунок маршрутів між населеними пунктами Полтава –Лохвиця –Варва –Драбів, здійснено моделювання витрат та обґрунтовано економічну ефективність впровадження логістичних систем.
Description:
The qualification work is devoted to the study of the organization of transportation of
large-sized agricultural machinery, in particular combines, and the development of a logistics
model of their movement between production units and fields of an agricultural enterprise.
The relevance of the topic is due to the growth of the scale of mechanization of agricultural
production, the need for prompt movement of equipment during seasonal work, increased
requirements for road safety and optimization of transportation costs.
The purpose of the work is to improve the process of transporting combines using
logistical route planning, choosing the optimal method of movement and using modern digital
transport coordination tools. To achieve the goal, an analysis of the features of the
transportation of oversized equipment was carried out, regulatory requirements for the
performance of transport operations were determined, routes between the settlements of
Poltava - Lokhvytsia - Varva - Drabiv were calculated, cost modeling was carried out and the
economic efficiency of the implementation of logistics systems was substantiated.
The work consists of four sections. The first section considers the concept of oversized
cargo, regulatory and legal requirements for their transportation and the features of road
transport operations. The parameters by which cargo is classified as oversized (height over 4
m, width over 2.55 m, length over 20 m, weight over 38 t), as well as factors influencing the
choice of vehicle and route, are determined.
The second section is devoted to the construction of a logistics algorithm for planning
the movement of combines. A route optimization model is proposed, which provides for the
sequence of transportation, assessment of the feasibility of self-propelled and trailed
movement of equipment, as well as the use of GPS monitoring and software platforms (for
example, Ant-Logistic) to minimize idle runs and downtime.
The third section considers the issue of labor protection when transporting oversized
equipment. Hazardous factors are analyzed, requirements for personnel, fastening and support
equipment are established, and the procedure for action in potentially dangerous situations is
determined. It is shown that compliance with regulated measures allows reducing the risk of
injury by up to 60%.
The fourth section contains an economic justification for the transportation of five
combines along different routes. It was found that the use of logistics software and route
optimization allows reducing transportation costs by 9,100–9,300 UAH, which is ≈11–12%
of savings, reducing idle equipment by 10–15% and increasing the accuracy of traffic control
to 95–98%. The payback period for the implementation of digital logistics solutions is 1–2
seasons.
The study proved that the use of a logistical approach to the transportation of large-sized
agricultural machinery allows increasing the efficiency of production processes, reducing the
costs of the enterprise, improving transportation safety and ensuring the rhythm of seasonal
work.