Ідентифікація та адаптація основних матеріальних кодексів України та Польщі до права Європейського Союзу

Бондар, Наталія Анатоліївна; Бондар, Наталия Анатольевна; Bondar, Nataliia

Ідентифікація та адаптація основних матеріальних кодексів України та Польщі до права Європейського Союзу

Бондар, Наталія Анатоліївна; Бондар, Наталия Анатольевна; Bondar, Nataliia

URI: http://repo.sau.sumy.ua/handle/123456789/5891

Date: 2017

Abstract:

Статтю присвячено порівняльному аналізу основних матеріальних кодексів України та Польщі та їх адаптації до права Європейського Союзу. Охарактеризовано початкові етапи зародження процесу кодифікації як в Україні, так і в Республіці Польща. Проаналізовано чинні цивільні кодекси зазначених держав та дуальність права в Польщі. Виділено принципи українського та польського цивільного права. Здійснено аналіз сучасних кримінальних кодексів цих держав та їх особливості Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу основных материальных кодексов Украины и Польши и их адаптации к праву Европейского Союза. Охарактеризованы начальные этапы зарождения процесса кодификации как в Украине, так и в Республике Польша. Проанализированы действующие гражданские кодексы указанных государств и дуальность права в Польше. Выделенные принципы украинского и польского гражданского права. Проведен анализ современных уголовных кодексов этих государств и их особенности.

Description:

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of basic substantive Codes of Ukraine and Poland and their adaptation to EU law. Both Poland and Ukraine tend to the Roman-Germanic legal system that is characterized by a high degree of codification of law. The article describes the initial stages of the birth of the codification process, both in Ukraine and in Poland. Current legislation in both countries is characterized by a large number of legal acts, but the main type of ordering is the code. Today, in Poland almost all major areas of law are codified, but most of them need to be updated, because they are 70-85 years old. In Ukraine there are only three codes that act since the days of the Soviet Union. The article analyses existing civil codes of these states and the duality of law in Poland. Principles of Ukrainian and Polish civil law are determined. The main principles of Ukrainian civil law according to Article 3 of the Civil Code of Ukraine are: inadmissibility of arbitrary interference in the sphere of personal life; inadmissibility of deprivation of property rights, except as required by the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law; freedom of contract; freedom of entrepreneurial activity that is not prohibited by the law; judicial protection of civil rights and interests; fairness, reasonableness and good faith. There is no specific article in the Polish Civil Code that would reinforce the principles, but analysing the contents we can highlight the following: the principle of equality, the principle of parties’ autonomy, the principle of fairness, the principle of protecting the security of trade, the principle of protection of property and so on. The author carried out the analysis of modem criminal codes of these states and their features. Substantially, Criminal Codes of Ukraine and Poland are almost identical, except for the military part, which in fact is the Criminal Code of war crimes. Completing the review of the Criminal Code of Poland it should be stressed that some rules may be subject to implementation in the national legislation of our country. Some codes were adopted in different historical periods and do not always take into account the peculiarities of the modem state of the country. In general, a modem codification process both in Poland and in Ukraine provides a creative reinterpretation of the whole array of legal acts in order to improve ease of use and regulatory requirements. As a result of comparative research of the Civil and Criminal Codes of Ukraine and the Republic of Poland, we can conclude that they have much in common, comply with the requirements of modem legal techniques, have a clear structure, as well as change in the context of the European legal standards. At the same time, it should be noted that these codes are more stable in Poland, because they rarely amended. For Ukraine, Poland's experience is not only interesting but also relevant in view of the fact that the criminal and civil codes more adapted to EU law.

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