Короткий опис(реферат):
У статті визначено нагальні історико-культурні аспекти, пов'язані з вивченням та збереженням історичної спадщини Сумщини, а саме визначних архітектурно-містобудівних об'єктів культурно-релігійного та оборонного призначення Північно-Східної України, зокрема архітектурного комплексу Мовчанського монастиря у м. Путивль. Проаналізовано ряд проведених на сьогоднішній час досліджень, які стосуються даного об’єкту. Визначено основні прийоми та засоби містобудівної та архітектурно-планувальної організації комплексу, проаналізовано його архітектурно-стилістичні особливості, перебудови та історичні нашарування. Окреслено основні напрямки історико-археологічних та реставраційних досліджень і проєктних пропозицій щодо завершення процесу відновлення та реставрації архітектурного комплексу Мовчанського монастиря у м. Путивль.
Суть розробки, основні результати:
The article is devoted to the consideration of historical and national-cultural traditions, characteristic of monuments of religious architecture of North-Eastern Ukraine, using the example of the Movchan Monastery in the town of Putivl, Sumy Region. The experience of many years of historical and architectural research, as well as a complex of restoration and restoration works, which were carried out in the monastery over many centuries, from the time of its foundation to the beginning of the 21st century, is summarized. The results of many years of research by Ukrainian scientists V. Vecherskyi, V. Tregubov, Yu. Nelgovsky and others, based on whose works the main principles of the restoration of the monastery complex were formed.
The article examines the architectural and town-planning development of the Movchan monastery in relation to the stormy historical events that took place in the 17th - 18th centuries. The history of the monastery is connected with the names of a number of famous historical and religious figures, such as Antioch Patriarch Macarius, his son Paul of Aleppo, Abbot Paphnutius and others.
From the end of 1604 until the middle of 1605 The Movchan Monastery was the residence of Lzhedmitry I, the famous Russian impostor king.
Monastyrska mountain is pierced by caves and underground passageways, which have not been sufficiently studied until now, and their origin remains a subject of debate among historians and archaeologists. Some of them were dug at the same time as the defensive monastery was built, and they served as protective structures and shelters during military operations.
The main building of the monastery - the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos belongs to a peculiar type of religious buildings, which, in addition to religious, have defensive and public functions, so researchers often call them "temple-fortress".
Today, the Movchan Monastery in Putivl is an architectural monument of national importance, which is protected by the state.