Questions of improvement of management are investigated by regional social and economic development theoretical, methodological, and on the basis of optimization of interbudgetary attitudes and a transfer policy, realization state compensative policies and supports of regional target investment projects and programs. Scientific – methodical approaches to an estimation of a financial condition to object of budgetary system are predicted; principles and methods of improvement of the mechanism of distribution of interbudgetary transfers on the basis of an index of regional human development. The economically – mathematical model of a two-level control system by investment activity in region is developed.