Фізика в техніці : сили інерції та їх прояв

Хурсенко, Світлана Миколаївна; Хурсенко, Светлана Николаевна; Khursenko, S. М.

Фізика в техніці : сили інерції та їх прояв

Хурсенко, Світлана Миколаївна; Хурсенко, Светлана Николаевна; Khursenko, S. М.

URI: http://repo.snau.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9474

Date: 2020

Abstract:

У статті проведений аналіз рівняння руху тіла в неінерціальної системі відліку. Розглянуто інерціальні сили, які не зустрічаються в інерціальних системах відліку, їх прояв у повсякденному житті і використання в технічних механізмах. Показана суттєва роль, як негативна, так і позитивна, сил інерції в сучасній техніці, що характеризується великими швидкостями і прискореннями. В статье проведен анализ уравнения движения тела в неинерциальной системе отсчета. Рассмотрены инерциальные силы, которые не встречаются в инерциальных системах отсчета, их проявление в повседневной жизни и использования в технических механизмах. Показана существенная роль, как отрицательная, так и положительная, сил инерции в современной технике, характеризуется большими скоростями и ускорениями.

Description:

The forces of inertia play a very important role in modern technology, which is characterized by high speeds and accelerations. Usually, when moving at a constant speed, we do not notice the forces of inertia, since they are absent, but they manifest themselves in those cases when there is movement with acceleration. The introduction of inertial forces makes it possible to describe the motion of bodies in any (both inertial and non-inertial) frames of reference using the same equations of motion, in which, in addition to the "ordinary force", inertial forces are also presented that do not occur in inertial frames. Inertial forces include: the force of inertia, which arises due to the acceleration of the translational motion of the considered frame of reference relative to inertial frames of reference; the force of inertia due to the variability of the angular velocity of rotation in time; Coriolis force and centrifugal inertia force. It should be noted that the forces of inertia cannot be placed on a par with such forces as elastic, gravitational and frictional forces, i.e. forces due to the impact on the body from other bodies. The forces of inertia are determined by the properties of the frame of reference in which mechanical phenomena are considered. In this sense, they can be called fictitious forces. The manifestation of inertial forces on Earth plays a crucial role, both in the construction of the physical picture of the world, and in the life of the inhabitants of our planet themselves. From the work done, it becomes clear that the forces of inertia should not be ignored, they must be taken into account in various fields of activity. The beneficial action of inertial forces, especially centrifugal forces, is used in the operation of many machines. Centrifugal fans, pumps, turbochargers, regulators, separators and other mechanisms work on this principle. Centrifugal forces im-prove the manufacturing quality of certain types of products and simplify many technological processes. Examples include the wide-spread method of centrifugal casting, processes for the manufacture of reinforced concrete pipes, fittings and other products.

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